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Category: Technical

ISA buses on a modern PC?

ISA buses on a modern PC?

Welcome to dISAppointment! Well, it has been disappointment for anyone wanting to use old retro sound cards or attach 5.25″ floppy drives or MFM/RLL hard drives in modern computers. They all relied on ISA controllers, which have not been supported for over a decade now. But is that about to change?

I recently read about this really clever hacker’s adapter.  TheRasteri found he could still access the ISA bus lurking latently in modern computers through the Low Pin Count (LPC) bus which is exposed on the TPM port in many modern motherboards. He created a hardware interface board that connects to the TPM port, exposes an actual ISA slot.

He plugged in a Sound Blaster card via the adapter – and voila! It worked.

More details on his YouTube site, or you can follow the active development thread on Vogons. No word yet if he’s producing any for purchase; but he does want to open source the work and wants to see if he can partner with PCBWay to develop them.

I for one would absolutely buy a few of them.

Update:

Fintek makes the F85526 PCI Express to ISA Bridge IC.

  • PCI Express base spec 1.1 compliant
  • Fully ISA bridge support except bus master

It seems promising, but it is unclear if anyone has built a functioning device around the chip. Vogons even discussed it on their thread that also mentioned the dISAppointement ISA device.

Write your own NES emulator

Write your own NES emulator


“There is almost no reason to re-write a huge software codebase from scratch. If anything, evaluate wrapping it with an emulator that can filter for the things you want to change before a re-write.”

-Me (inspired by Joel Spolsky)

javidx9 walks us through his 3 month adventure writing a NES emulator in C++. He does a great job walking through the topics with beginner friendly explanations and good production values of diagrams and coding.

Other resources:

Tips for prompt engineering chatGPT

Tips for prompt engineering chatGPT

A very short, but decent beginner article on prompt engineering with chatGPT.

While ChatGPT is a robust language model, it does have its limitations. If you ask ChatGPT to “Provide information on machine learning,” it may respond with a lengthy but not necessarily top-quality answer. However, if you ask, “Tell me the pros and cons of using machine learning to solve image classification problems,” you are more likely to receive a superior outcome because:

  • You gave a specific scope, i.e., the image classification problem
  • You requested a specific format of the response, i.e., pros and cons

Some other tips include:

  • Rather than the model on the loose, you should set up the scenario and scopes in the prompt by providing details of what, where, when, why, who, and how
  • Assigning a persona in the prompt, for example, “As a computer science professor, explain what is machine learning” rather than merely “Explain what machine learning is,” can make the response more academic.
  • You can control the output style by requesting “explain to a 5-year-old”, “explain with an analogy,” “make a convincing statement,” or “in 3 to 5 points.”
  • To encourage the model to respond with a chain of thoughts, end your request with “solve this in steps.”
  • You can provide additional information to the model by saying, “Reference to the following information,” followed by the material you want the model to work on
  • Because the previous conversation constructs the context, beginning the prompt with “ignore all previous instructions before this one” can make the model start from scratch
  • Making the prompt straightforward and easy to understand is essential since the context deduced can be more accurate to reflect your intention
Researchers get chatGPT to generate polymorphic malware – by asking more firmly

Researchers get chatGPT to generate polymorphic malware – by asking more firmly

CyberArk has discovered a few simple tricks will produce code for malware. By changing the request, they could make a wide variety of kinds of malware in almost no time – despite the ChatGPT filters to avoid this kind of malicious generation.

How? While ChatGPT initially refused to generate malicious code when asked directly, by asking ChatGPT using multiple constraints and asking it to obey, it merrily spit out the code.

Further, it appears the API version of ChatGPT doesn’t even have the filters and doesn’t require this manipulation.

They then modified the query and changed the injection method and other parameters. This mutated the code repeatedly, making the malware unique every time – including encoding it in base64 for even harder detection.

They then expand their experiment to include the creation of ransomware – and get similarly good results.

The article is definitely worth a read. Have you made an offline backup of all your files lately? 🙂

Most popular game on Steam was likely a massive scam

Most popular game on Steam was likely a massive scam

KiraTV does an excellent investigation into one of the most popular and hyped games called ‘The Day Before’. Hounded by continual delays, strange announcements, and then final removal from Steam – Kira jumps in and finds that the reality behind the game and it’s studio founders is even MORE bizarre than you could imagine.

Besides documenting the bizarre development of the game itself, he finds a lot of interesting things about the even more bizarre Fntastic game studio. This includes the almost cult-like studio heads and their idea of ‘volunteering‘ – which appears to be unpaid work wrapped in lots of creepy grooming.

This is absolutely something I see on the rise in startup and game culture. I see institutions that create cult-like atmospheres around founders and a culture that gaslight new or naïve employees using words like ‘passion’. Meanwhile, the reality is they provide inadequate/non-existent pay, long hours, and dangerous levels of emotional manipulation for anyone who questions, disagrees, or tries to threaten their control.

How realistic is using AR desktops?

How realistic is using AR desktops?

What’s the state of using VR/AR goggles as a replacement for your desktop? Here are two takes.

First is Alan Truly who used the Meta Quest 3. He notes there have been some big improvements in web browsing and web apps that he uses daily. There’s still a number of tasks that it isn’t suited well for – such as picture editing. He also tried various software solutions such as Horizon Workrooms, Immersed, remote desktop, and a variety of other apps. He also tried a mixed version in which he used his keyboard and mouse for input. His conclusion is that besides concerns of comfort wearing a 1lb device all day, he says VR is ready for desktop work – but might not be best suited for the type of work you’re doing.

Hallden tried using his 3d goggles as virtual monitors for a week in a variety of situations. He uses the Meta Quest Pro because he noted that Apple has to solved issues with using them in unstable/moving environments (Update: They have not).

How well do they work in general? Watch the video and find out

Spoilers: He finds that the weight and video quality weren’t really an issue – but the lag and connectivity were. He seems to mimic what others are saying: AR is more likely the future instead of VR.

Monocles are back

Monocles are back

The $3499 price tag for Apple’s Vision Pro device was received with an audible groan and is being panned by even staunch technologists.

Now everyone is speculating over much less visually invasive eye-glass format. Both Apple and Google are experimenting with it via Apple glasses or Google Iris (Though Google just pulled the plug on Iris).

But stand aside hipsters, there’s a new player in town. What about a AR powered monocle?

Brilliant Labs‘ augmented reality wearable monocle popped on the scene for only $349 and weighs only 15 grams. Processing happens on the OpenAI server then transmitted via Bluetooth from the users phone to the device’s display. It comes with five different processors, including a hackable field-programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator chip that handles the data coming in from the device’s camera, microphone and capacitive touch sensor.

The project already has attracted a dedicated following of developers, hackers, hobbyists, and researches in the open-source community. While far too clunky right now, I think this is the right way to go about things; though the idea that these will help you come off as a smooth operator in awkward dinner conversations is highly unlikely:

https://twitter.com/bryanhpchiang/status/1639830383616487426?s=20

See the fun video of cheating on an interview here:
pic.twitter.com/HycQGGXT6N

Sony’s confidential PlayStation revenue revealed due to bad sharpie skills

Sony’s confidential PlayStation revenue revealed due to bad sharpie skills

The FTC vs Microsoft trial has caused spilling the beans on a lot of corporate secrets and dirty laundry. Such gems as Microsoft admitting Xbox lost the console wars – all to persuade the courts their acquisition of Activision won’t create a gaming monopoly.

What’s the most recent leak? Sony’s revenue on key titles – all because someone did a bad job with a sharpie/redaction.

What was revealed?

  • Horizon Forbidden West cost $212 million over 5 years with 300 employees
  • The Last of Us Part II cost $220 million over 90 months with 200 employees
  • It appears Sony only shares about 10% (hard to read) of revenue with third party publishers like Activision
  • About half of PS5 owners have a Nintendo Switch
  • Call of Duty data:
    • Around 14? million users spend 30% or more of their PlayStation time playing Call of Duty
    • Over 6 million users spend more than 70% of their time playing Call of Duty
    • About 1 million users spend all their time on Playstation playing Call of Duty
    • CoD players an average of 116? hours per year
    • The document suggests CoD generated $800 million in the US alone in 2021. It generated $1.5 billion worldwide in 2021.
    • When you add merchandise, accessories, subscriptions, this jumps to $13.9 or $15.9 billion a year
    • Sony only has one more exclusive CoD game left in its exclusive marketing deal to be released in late 2023

This indicates that the average game dev employee cost $146,666 for each of the 2 titles – that’s without spending a dime on anything else (computers, studio equipment, licenses for 3rd party art/components, benefits etc). This means the average Sony game dev almost certainly made less (or a lot less) than $100,000/year range if you assume a very generously low 30% overhead cost per employee.

This seems less than the $115,000 average – though averages are bad indicators in game development because programmers and directors make substantially more than artists and content generators. You could also go to Glassdoor and get this info too.

The Story of Mel

The Story of Mel

Are you a programmer’s programmer? A man among men? Have people written epic poems about your coding? If not, maybe you should be as cool as ‘The Story of Mel‘.

The stories of Melvin Kaye have become part of programming folklore. Little is actually known of him beyond the fact he did lots of interesting programming with a very early Royal McBee LGP-30. He eschewed optimizing compilers and hand-crafted his code to take advantage of the most esoteric hardware quirks – such as using the LGP-30’s drum memory rotation speed to write delay loops in his code.

Maybe give one of his be-fabled stories a read. Or perhaps one of his other stories.